Procedure for the Extraction of Oil from Watermelon Seeds

Watermelon seed oil is most valued for high amounts of oleic and linoleic fatty acids, as well as other acids in amounts comparable to the composition of pumpkin seed oil. Watermelon seed oil is primarily used for cosmetics, where its stable shelf life, light texture and moisturizing properties make it a suitable emollient. The oil can be extracted using one of multiple possible methods but most require common cleaning and preparation steps.

Preparation

Watermelon seeds must be removed from the watermelon fruit and, depending upon the process, usually extracted from the seed casing. The seed must then be dried. Generally, the seed should have a moisture content around 10 percent. Seed that is too moist may result in a low oil yield, clogged equipment or mold enough.

Oil Expellers

The oil expeller method consists of a rotating screw inside a capped horizontal cylinder. The screw forces the seeds through the cylinder, crushing them, and the oil is eventually allowed to escape through small holes or slots. The seed may be heated with some combination of friction and a heater. Expeller presses can either be found in a single cylinder press style or a traditional cage-style screw press. The two styles expel seed meal differently.

Cold Pressing

Although heated seeds yield more oil than cold seed, cold pressing maintains the greatest amount of nutrients possible. Cold pressing is a type of expeller pressing that takes place in an environment with temperatures kept below 120 degrees Fahrenheit. Cold presses can range from a traditional mortar and pestle to a ram press or more complicated device.

Solvent Extraction

Solvent extraction methods use a solvent, like hexane, to react with seeds at high temperatures, releasing oil. Further chemical treatment follows. This extraction method is most suitable for large commercial production and applications that require an especially long shelf life.

Clarification

The oil clarification process removes contaminants like water, resins and fine pulp. The oil can be clarified by settling for a few days and then having the top layer removed. If necessary, the oil can be filtered through a fine cloth. Finally, the oil can be heated to remove traces of water and destroy bacteria.