What Effect Does Saltwater Have on Plants?

Dehydration

Saltwater negatively affects plants by dehydrating them. Plants obtain water via their root system through osmosis. This osmosis is facilitated by cells around the hairs of the plant's roots that water passes through very easily. When fresh water is present, water is easily passed through the root cells and up through the rest of the plant as needed. However, these highly-permeable root cells work against the plant when the soil has a high salt content. The salt in the soil can actually pull water out of the cells and dehydrate the plant.

Inhibition

Saltwater also effects plants by inhibiting their growth and photosynthetic capabilities. All living organisms need salt, and plants absorb theirs through their root system along with their water. However, in salinated soil, plants absorb too much salt. Unable to get rid of this excess salt, the plant accumulates deposits in its cells that interfere with a variety of plant processes.

Observable Effects

The observable effect that saltwater has on plants depends on just how much salt is in the soil as a result of salt watering. Mild to moderate levels of salt in the soil may simply stunt the plant's growth and reduce its yield. Higher salt levels will lead to plant dehydration, and the plant's leaves will show signs of drought and burn (the leaves will begin to yellow, brown and crinkle on the edges) even if it is being amply watered. If sodium levels are high enough, then the soil will form hard crusty salt layers on the surface and your plant will defoliate and eventually die.